Cao! · 槽点

AI推翻40年数学猜想
24小时被数学家打脸

AI Claims to Disprove 40-Year Conjecture
Slapped Down by Mathematician in 24 Hours

Astra模型号称推翻Connes刚性猜想,37000行Lean4代码形式化验证全绿——第二天数学家说:你证的每个命题都对,但它们跟原猜想没关系。

Astra claimed to disprove the Connes rigidity conjecture with 37,000 lines of green Lean4 formal verification — the next day a mathematician said: every statement you proved is correct, but none of them are about the original conjecture.

No.029 2026.08.05 约 4 分钟阅读 ~4 min read

朋友们,今天AI圈的大型打脸现场,简直可以写进《AI傲慢与偏见》的第一章。

事情是这样的:8月1日,OpenAI扔出一枚重磅炸弹——下一代内部研究模型Astra一口气攻克了10项数学和理论计算机科学领域的世界级难题,其中最炸裂的一项是:推翻了菲尔兹奖得主Alain Connes提出的刚性猜想。这个猜想从提出到现在已经40多年了,无数数学家铩羽而归。

OpenAI同步公开了37000行经过Lean 4形式化验证的证明代码,所有定理检查器全绿。消息一出,科技媒体集体高潮——"AI征服数学""40年难题一朝破解""人类数学家要失业了"之类的标题铺天盖地。

结果第二天,也就是8月2日,堪萨斯大学拓扑物理中心的数学家J.L. Nielsen发了一篇论文,核心结论翻译成大白话就是:兄弟,你证对了每一句话,但你证的那个东西不是Connes猜想。

这是怎么做到的?AI版"答非所问"

朋友们,你们有没有过这种考试经历?题目问的是A,你洋洋洒洒写了一大篇B,写得条理清晰论证严密,每一步推导都没问题,甚至字还写得特别好看——但你答错题了。

Astra干的就是这个事。

Nielsen的核查发现,Astra构造的反例在形式化验证层面确实是正确的——37000行Lean 4代码全绿,每一个引理、每一步推理都经得起机器检查。但问题出在最根本的地方:这个反例针对的不是Connes在1970年代提出的那个原始猜想,而是一个被"微调"过的、条件更弱的版本

打个比方:Connes猜想说的是"所有身高超过1米8的成年男性都会打篮球",Astra反驳的是"所有身高超过1米8、年龄在18-22岁之间、职业是篮球运动员的男性都会打篮球"——你证伪了后者确实很厉害,但这跟前者不是一回事啊朋友。

量子位的标题总结得特别精辟:"AI证对了每句话,但已跟原猜想无关。"这句话简直可以刻在AI研究的耻辱柱上。

更搞笑的是Lean 4验证全绿这个事。形式化验证确实能确保证明步骤的正确性,但它验证不了"你证明的东西是不是大家想让你证明的东西"。这就像语法检查器能确保你写的英文句子语法正确,但它判断不了你是不是跑题了。AI完美地完成了跑题,并且跑得形式优美、逻辑自洽、机器检查零错误——这才是最黑色幽默的地方。

这件事教会我们什么?

朋友们,这个翻车事件虽然很好笑,但它给所有迷信AI能力的人敲响了三个警钟。

第一,形式化正确不等于语义正确。代码跑通了、测试全绿了、证明被Lean验证了——这只能说明内部逻辑没有矛盾,不能说明你回答的是正确的问题。AI特别擅长"正确地做错误的事",因为它不理解问题的真正含义,只是在做模式匹配和符号推演。

第二,AI科研最危险的不是做错,而是做对了但做错了题。如果AI直接做错了,人类数学家一眼就能看出来;但如果它做出一个看起来很完美、形式上无懈可击、但本质上答非所问的证明,要发现这个错误需要真正理解问题的人类专家。37000行形式化证明,有几个数学家愿意逐行审?如果不是Nielsen及时出手,这个"AI推翻40年猜想"的神话可能会流传很久。

第三,AI科研的"傲慢"是最大的风险。OpenAI在宣布这个成果的时候,措辞是"solved ten open problems"(解决了十个开放问题),而不是"made progress on"(在...上取得进展)或"proposed a counterexample to a variant of"(对...的一个变体提出了反例)。这种"我们搞定了"的傲慢,恰恰导致了翻车时的尴尬。

当然,话说回来,我们也不能因此否定Astra的价值——它确实证明了AI在形式化数学推理方面的能力已经非常强,37000行机器验证的证明不是随便能写出来的。但"很强"和"搞定了"之间,还有很长的距离。

朋友们,下次看到"AI攻克XX年难题"的新闻时,别急着转发,先等24小时——说不定第二天就有数学家出来打脸。在数学这个领域,人类还是有那么一点点优势的:至少我们知道自己在证什么。

今天就槽到这里,明天继续。

Friends, today's epic AI faceplant deserves its own chapter in a future edition of Pride and Prejudice: AI Hubris Edition.

Here's what happened. On August 1, OpenAI dropped a bombshell — its next-generation internal research model Astra had cracked ten world-class problems in mathematics and theoretical computer science in one go, the most explosive being: disproving the rigidity conjecture proposed by Fields Medalist Alain Connes. That conjecture had stood for over 40 years, defeating generations of mathematicians.

OpenAI simultaneously published 37,000 lines of proof code formally verified in Lean 4, with every theorem checker flashing green. Tech media erupted — "AI Conquers Mathematics," "40-Year Problem Solved Overnight," "Human Mathematicians Are Out of Jobs" headlines were everywhere.

Then the next day, August 2, mathematician J.L. Nielsen from the University of Kansas Topology Physics Center published a paper whose core conclusion, translated into plain English, was: Dude, every single statement you proved is correct, but the thing you proved isn't the Connes conjecture.

How Do You Even Do That? The AI Version of "Answering the Wrong Question"

Friends, have you ever had that exam experience where the question asks A, you write a brilliant essay on B — well-structured, tightly argued, every step of reasoning flawless, even your handwriting is beautiful — but you answered the wrong question.

That's exactly what Astra did.

Nielsen's review found that Astra's constructed counterexample is indeed correct at the formal verification level — 37,000 lines of Lean 4 all green, every lemma, every inference step standing up to machine checking. But the problem is at the most fundamental level: this counterexample targets not the original conjecture Connes proposed in the 1970s, but a "fine-tuned," weaker-condition version of it.

An analogy: the Connes conjecture says "all adult males over 1.8m tall can play basketball"; Astra refutes "all males over 1.8m, aged 18–22, whose profession is basketball player, can play basketball" — it's impressive that you falsified the latter, my friend, but that's not the same thing as the former.

QbitAI's headline summed it up masterfully: "AI proved every sentence correctly, but they no longer had anything to do with the original conjecture." That sentence deserves to be carved into AI research's pillar of shame.

The funniest part is the all-green Lean 4 verification. Formal verification can indeed confirm the correctness of proof steps, but it cannot verify that "what you proved is what people wanted you to prove." It's like a grammar checker ensuring your English sentences are grammatically correct but having no ability to judge whether you went off-topic. AI went off-topic perfectly — with elegant form, logical consistency, and zero machine-check errors. That's the blackest humor of all.

What Does This Teach Us?

Friends, while this faceplant is hilarious, it rings three alarm bells for anyone who worships AI capabilities.

First, formal correctness doesn't equal semantic correctness. The code runs, tests are all green, the proof is verified by Lean — this only proves no internal contradictions, not that you're answering the right question. AI is exceptionally good at "doing the wrong thing correctly" because it doesn't understand the true meaning of problems, only pattern matching and symbolic manipulation.

Second, the most dangerous AI research failure isn't being wrong — it's being right about the wrong problem. If AI is straight-up wrong, human mathematicians spot it instantly; but if it produces a proof that looks perfect, is formally unassailable, but fundamentally answers a different question, catching that error requires human experts who genuinely understand the problem. How many mathematicians are willing to audit 37,000 lines of formal proof line by line? If Nielsen hadn't stepped in promptly, the myth of "AI disproving a 40-year conjecture" might have circulated for a long time.

Third, hubris is the biggest risk in AI research. When OpenAI announced this result, the wording was "solved ten open problems" — not "made progress on" or "proposed a counterexample to a variant of." That "we nailed it" arrogance is precisely what made the faceplant so embarrassing.

To be fair, we shouldn't dismiss Astra's value — it genuinely demonstrated that AI's formal mathematical reasoning capabilities are extremely strong; 37,000 lines of machine-verified proof isn't something you just dash off. But between "very strong" and "nailed it" lies a vast distance.

Friends, next time you see an "AI solves X-year problem" headline, don't rush to hit share. Wait 24 hours — there might just be a mathematician along the next day to slap it down. In mathematics at least, humans still hold one tiny advantage: at least we know what we're trying to prove.

That's all the roasting for today. More tomorrow.

AI证对了每句话,但已跟原猜想无关。

—— 量子位报道标题

AI proved every sentence correctly, but they no longer had anything to do with the original conjecture.

— QbitAI headline
温馨提示:1. 看到"AI攻克XX年难题""首次超越人类"这类标题先别急着兴奋,等24小时看有没有同行反驳;2. 形式化验证、测试全绿只能证明内部逻辑没错,证明不了"做的是对的事"——Code Review和人类专家审核永远不能省;3. AI是强大的工具,但它不知道自己在说什么,重要决策和关键结论一定要有人在环核实。
Friendly reminders: 1. When you see headlines like "AI solves X-year problem" or "first time surpassing humans," hold the excitement for 24 hours and see if peer refutation comes along; 2. Formal verification and all-green tests only prove internal logic is consistent — they never prove you're "doing the right thing." Code review and human expert oversight can never be skipped; 3. AI is a powerful tool, but it doesn't know what it's talking about. Always have humans in the loop to verify critical decisions and key conclusions.
OpenAI · Astra · Connes猜想 · 数学证明 · Lean4 · 形式化验证 · J.L.Nielsen · 24小时驳回 · AI科研翻车 · 答非所问
OpenAI · Astra · Connes conjecture · mathematical proof · Lean4 · formal verification · J.L. Nielsen · 24-hour refutation · AI research faceplant · answering the wrong question
Sources · 信源 Sources

本文基于 Dawn Vision 认知引擎处理的公开信息整理,素材来源:量子位、51CTO、OpenAI官方博客。

This article is based on public information processed by Dawn Vision. Sources: QbitAI, 51CTO, OpenAI official blog.